Beyond Bill C-27: From AI Legislative Gaps to a Reformed AI and Data Act

Abstract

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly used in areas that affect people’s daily lives, yet Canada does not have a clear and enforceable federal law governing their use. Bill C-27, through the proposed Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA), attempted to address this gap but relied too heavily on future regulations and broad definitions. This paper examines the weaknesses of AIDA through legislative analysis, case studies, and comparison with international models. It proposes targeted amendments to clarify definitions, strengthen accountability, and improve enforcement, with the goal of creating a clearer and more effective framework for regulating high-impact AI systems in Canada.